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Ingredient & advertising guide

This page has two jobs. First, it explains every one of the five plants printed on the label of the liquid extract we sell, what each is, and what the research does and does not say about it. Second, and this is the part most advertising pages leave out, it lists the headlines we run, tells you which ones are exaggerated, and separates the small number of things that are genuinely supported by evidence from the many that are not.

1. Our headlines, and what is actually true

These are the headlines we have run, grouped by the claim they make. The right-hand column is our own plain assessment. We have marked each family of headlines as Exaggerated, Partly true, Withdrawn or Broadly supported.

The headline as you saw it	What is actually behind it
"Mental Decline Begins When Seniors Can't Spell These 3 Words. Test Now""Top Doctors Say Mental Decline Begins When Seniors Can't Pronounce These 3 Phrases. Can You?""MDs Say Mental Decline Begins When Seniors Can't Pronounce These 3 Phrases. Can You?""Memory Decline Begins When Seniors Say These 3 Phrases (See The List)""Declining Memory Begins When Seniors Say These 7 Phrases. See Which Ones"	Exaggerated There is no set of three words, three phrases or seven phrases whose spelling or pronunciation marks the beginning of mental decline. Nothing "begins" at a word. Word-finding and naming tasks do appear inside real cognitive screening tools, but those tools are administered and interpreted by a clinician alongside your history, your medications and a physical exam. Failing a word online means nothing on its own: plenty of people with perfectly healthy brains stumble over a word when they are tired, anxious, or being timed. "Top doctors" and "MDs" refer to no specific doctor. See section 5.
"Japan's Oldest Doctors Say Memory Loss Isn't Age: Just Avoid Drinking These 3 Beverages""Japan's Greatest Doctors Say Memory Loss Isn't Age: Just Avoid Drinking These 3 Beverages""Japan's Oldest Doctors Say Memory Loss Isn't Age: Just Avoid Eating These 3 Foods""Japan's Oldest Doctors Say Memory Loss Isn't Age: Just Stop Eating These 3 Foods"	Exaggerated No group of Japanese doctors issued this statement. There is no such panel, no such list, and no source we can point you to. Japan appears in the headline because it is widely associated with long life, which makes the claim feel credible. That is a marketing decision, not a citation. The second half is also wrong in an important way. Memory loss is strongly related to age. Age is the single largest risk factor for dementia, and no diet removes it. What is true is narrower: certain long-term drinking and eating patterns are associated with faster cognitive decline in large population studies. Association is not proof of cause, and "just avoid these three" is not how any of it works.
"Nobel Prize's Doctors Say Memory Loss Isn't Age: Just Stop Eating These 3 Foods"	Withdrawn We retract this one outright. No Nobel laureate has endorsed this page, this product, or any list of three foods on our behalf. Attaching the Nobel Prize to an advertisement implies an authority that does not exist and we should not have run it.
"Brain Experts Now Say These 3 Cereals Age the Brain Faster Than Time""Scientists Now Say This 1 Cereal Ages the Brain Faster Than Time"	Exaggerated No food ages the brain "faster than time." That phrase was written for effect and it is not a finding from any study. It is also internally inconsistent: in one version it is three cereals, in another it is one, because the number is something we test for click-through, not something we measured. The grain of truth: diets high in added sugar and refined starch are associated with poorer memory scores and greater cardiovascular risk over years. That is a modest effect across a population, not a fate sealed by a bowl of cereal. See section 3.
"Doctors Now Say This Popular Evening Drink Is Behind Memory Loss""Doctors Now Say This Popular Evening Drink Is Behind Brain Health Decline"	Partly true The "evening drink" is alcohol, and of everything our ads point at, this is where the evidence is strongest. Heavy and even moderate regular drinking has been linked in long-running studies to worse brain outcomes, including shrinkage of the hippocampus, the region most involved in forming memories. Excessive alcohol is one of the risk factors named in the 2024 Lancet Commission on dementia. [1] [2] What is overstated is the word "behind." Alcohol is one contributing risk factor among many, not the cause of memory loss. Cutting back is a genuinely good idea. It is not a cure, and it will not undo damage already done. It is also worth saying plainly, because the product we sell is a liquid extract: each 0.7-millilitre squeeze contains roughly 0.4 millilitres of alcohol. That is far below a drink, but it is not zero, and anyone who avoids alcohol should not buy it.
"Doctors Name 5 Popular Drinks Now Tied To Memory Decline. Coffee Tops The List""Seniors: These 4 Drinks May Be Aging Your Brain Faster""The 4 Drinks Brain Doctors Want Seniors to Quit""Neurologists Say Cognitive Decline Isn't Age: Just Stop Drinking These 2 Popular Drinks""Doctors: 3 Popular Drinks Now Tied to Memory Loss in Seniors"	Exaggerated Notice that the count changes: two drinks, three, four, five. It changes because it is an advertising variable we rotate, not a number that came out of a study. No neurologist is named in any version, because none was consulted. "Coffee tops the list" is the clearest thing we have got wrong. Large reviews of coffee and cognition have generally not found ordinary coffee drinking to be a risk factor for dementia; several report a neutral or modestly favourable association. If you drink coffee and enjoy it, this headline gave you a reason to worry that the evidence does not support. Our own article about this extract suggests no coffee after two in the afternoon, for the sake of sleep. That is a timing point, not a claim that coffee harms memory. See section 2.
"Brain Doctors: Quit These 4 Drinks Before It's Too Late"	Exaggerated No brain doctor was consulted for this headline, and there is no "too late." The deadline was invented to make you click. The four drinks are the ones in section 2: alcohol, sugar-sweetened soft drinks, energy drinks and sweetened coffee-shop drinks. Cutting back on them is sensible for your heart, your sleep and your weight, and long-running population studies link heavy use of the first two to poorer cognitive outcomes over years. There is no evidence that quitting them on any particular day changes anything about your memory, and there is no age after which the change stops being worth making. See section 2.
"Memory Slipping? Check These 4 Everyday Drinks First"	Partly true Half right, in the wrong order. If your memory is slipping, the first thing to check is not a drink; it is your doctor, because several treatable causes listed in section 6 look exactly like memory loss and none of them is fixed by changing what you pour. The four drinks are the everyday ones in section 2: alcohol, sugary soft drinks, energy drinks and sweetened coffee drinks. Reviewing them is a reasonable second step, mostly for sleep and for your heart. Not enough plain water belongs on the list too, and it is the one our own article dwells on. See sections 2 and 6.
"America's Top Experts Say Mental Decline Isn't Aging: Just Avoid These 5 Kitchen Drinks"	Exaggerated The same construction as the "Japan's doctors" headline above, with the country changed. No panel of American experts issued this statement, and we cannot point you to one. Mental decline is strongly tied to age, and no drink removes that. The five kitchen drinks are alcohol, sugar-sweetened sodas, diet sodas, energy drinks and sweetened coffee-shop drinks, all in section 2, where the honest version of each is written out. "Just avoid" overstates what any of that evidence shows. See section 2.
"Still Sharp at 90? Seniors Are Rethinking These 3 Everyday Foods"	Partly true The gentlest of our headlines, and still an overstatement. Nobody knows what keeps a particular person sharp at 90. The largest studies point to blood pressure, hearing, physical activity, social contact and education far more than to any food; see section 7. The three everyday foods are sugary breakfast cereals, processed meats and packaged baked goods, all in section 3. Eating less of them is associated in population studies with better long-term brain and heart outcomes. That is a modest, slow effect across a population, and no food is a guarantee at any age. See sections 3 and 7.
"Drink one cup a day and watch your memory change"	Exaggerated The cup is two ounces of water or juice with one squeeze of this extract in it. Nothing in that cup has been shown to change memory: the five plants are at a fraction of the doses the trials used, and the largest trial of ginkgo found nothing after six years. What a daily cup can honestly give you is a two-second habit, done at the same time each day, that carries the rest of a routine: water, a break, a page read once. "Watch your memory change" should not have been written. See sections 7 and 9, and the ingredients below.
"One squeeze of this Oregon bottle is made from 91 milligrams of dried herb; half a teaspoon of sage holds more"	Broadly supported This is the arithmetic our article is built on, and it is on the label. The Supplement Facts panel prints an extraction rate of 91 milligrams of dried herb per 0.7-millilitre squeeze, for all five plants together; three squeezes a day are made from 273 milligrams. The U.S. Department of Agriculture's food tables put a teaspoon of ground sage at 0.7 grams, so half a teaspoon is 350 milligrams. [3] The comparison is fair and it is meant to lower expectations, not raise them: it says that a day of this extract is made from less dried herb than a pinch from a kitchen jar, split five ways, which is why none of the trials in the ingredient section, all of them at hundreds of milligrams of one plant, applies to a squeeze. It is not a claim that the extract works, and not a claim that sage from the jar works either.
"Neurologists Name 5 Popular Prescriptions Now Tied to Memory Decline"	Partly true, and the most dangerous to act on This one is closest to real research. Several widely prescribed drug classes have been linked in large studies to higher dementia risk, and prescribing guidelines already flag some of them as poor choices for older adults. [4] [5] [6] But an advertisement is the worst possible reason to change a prescription. Stopping some of these medicines suddenly can cause seizures, dangerous rebound anxiety, or a return of the condition being treated. Never stop or change a prescribed medicine because of something you read in an ad, including ours. Read section 4 before you do anything.

2. Every drink our ads point at

Our headlines have referred, in different versions, to "3 beverages", "4 drinks", "5 popular drinks", "2 popular drinks" and "this popular evening drink" without ever naming them. Here is the complete list of what we were pointing at, and what the research actually supports for each one. Where a study is cited, it is observational unless stated otherwise: it can show that two things travel together in a population, not that one causes the other.

3. Every food our ads point at

The food headlines referred to "3 foods" and to "cereals": one cereal in some versions, three in others. Again, the number was ours, not a finding. Here is what was meant, and what stands behind it.

4. The "5 prescriptions" headline

Our headline said "5 popular prescriptions now tied to memory decline." It named none of them. These are the drug classes that research has actually flagged. "Tied to" means associated in observational studies, not proven to cause.

What this section is not. It is not a claim that these medicines cause dementia, not medical advice, and not a suggestion that a herbal extract is an alternative to any of them. It is a prompt to have one specific conversation with a professional who knows your history. Several things in the extract we sell deserve a mention in that conversation of their own accord: ginkgo can add to the effect of anything that thins the blood; skullcap and gotu kola carry rare reports of liver injury; skullcap has a reputation as a calming herb and may add to anything that makes you drowsy; and the alcohol in the liquid extract matters for some medicines. One more reason to have that conversation before you make it a daily habit.

5. The "3 words" and "7 phrases" tests

Several of our headlines invite you to test yourself on words or phrases: spell these three words, pronounce these three phrases, see whether you say these seven phrases. There is no such validated test, and we cannot give you a real one, because a real one does not work that way.

What actual cognitive screening looks like. Clinicians use short structured tools. The Mini-Cog, the MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) and the MMSE are the common ones. They do include word tasks: recalling three unrelated words after a delay, naming animals, repeating a sentence. But three things make them different from an online quiz:

• They are administered in person, in a standard way, by someone trained to do it.
• The score is interpreted against your age and education, not against a fixed pass mark.
• A low score is a reason for further evaluation (bloodwork, medication review, history from a family member, sometimes imaging), never a diagnosis by itself.

Screening tools also produce false alarms. Anxiety, poor sleep, hearing loss, depression, pain and simply being nervous all lower scores in people whose brains are fine. This is precisely why an online word quiz is meaningless: it has none of the context that makes the real instrument useful.

6. Real warning signs, and the causes worth ruling out

The genuinely useful list is not about spelling. It is about whether memory or thinking has changed enough to interfere with everyday life. Signs that deserve a medical appointment include:

• Memory loss that disrupts daily life: repeatedly asking for the same information, relying on notes and family for things you used to handle yourself.
• Difficulty completing familiar tasks: a routine recipe, a regular route, paying the usual bills.
• New trouble following or joining a conversation, stopping mid-sentence, or calling things by the wrong name.
• Confusion about time or place: losing track of dates or seasons, or how you got somewhere.
• Trouble judging distance, or reading. Worth checking, since it can also be vision.
• Putting things in unusual places and being unable to retrace steps, sometimes with a sense that others are to blame.
• Noticeably poorer judgement, especially about money.
• Withdrawing from work, hobbies or social life; changes in mood, personality, suspicion or apathy.

Ordinary ageing looks different: occasionally forgetting a name and recalling it later, misplacing your glasses and finding them, needing help with an unfamiliar device, taking a moment to find a word, rereading a paragraph after lunch and getting it on the second pass. That is normal and common at every age.

7. What actually has the best evidence

If we only had one section to be useful in, this would be it. The 2024 report of the Lancet standing Commission on dementia concluded that nearly half of dementia cases worldwide, around 45%, could potentially be prevented or delayed by addressing fourteen modifiable risk factors across the life course. ^[1] Not one of them is a supplement, a liquid extract, or a list of three foods.

• Treat hearing loss. Use hearing aids if you need them.
• Control blood pressure from mid-life onward. Take the medication as prescribed.
• Treat high LDL cholesterol and manage diabetes.
• Do not smoke.
• Stay physically active. Regular walking counts, and it is free.
• Limit alcohol.
• Treat depression, and take it seriously in older adults.
• Stay socially connected. Isolation is a measured risk factor, not a soft one.
• Correct vision loss: get cataracts treated, keep the prescription current.
• Protect your head from injury; reduce fall risk at home.
• Sleep properly. Persistently short sleep in mid-life has been associated with higher dementia incidence. ^[9]
• Keep learning: education and continued mental engagement across life.
• Maintain a healthy weight and reduce exposure to air pollution where you can.

These are unglamorous. They cannot be delivered in a headline, they take years, and none of them can be sold to you by us. They are also, by a wide margin, the best-supported things on this entire page.

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8. Ingredient guide: what is actually in the extract we sell

What each of the five plants printed on the label of Herb Pharm Brain & Memory is, what it is traditionally used for, and what the cited research says. The label lists them in order and gives one figure for the whole blend, 646 milligrams per 0.7-millilitre squeeze, with an extraction rate of 173 milligrams of fresh herb or 91 milligrams of dried herb per squeeze; it gives no amount for any single plant. Gotu kola is first and is very likely the largest share, rosemary last and the smallest. The other ingredients are certified organic cane alcohol at 56 to 66 percent, distilled water and certified organic vegetable glycerin. Where a study is cited below, it used one plant at a time, in a measured dose, usually as a concentrated extract or a dried leaf in a capsule; none of it tested a liquid extract, and none of it tested this blend. Read the statement at the end of this section before you buy anything.

Gotu kola (Centella asiatica), aerial parts

A small, creeping perennial with fan-shaped leaves, native to wetlands from the tropical Old World to eastern Australia. It is eaten as a vegetable and in salads across South and Southeast Asia.

Traditional and everyday use. Used for centuries in Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese practice, and eaten fresh as a salad green.

What the research says. In a small 2-month placebo-controlled trial of 28 healthy older adults, the highest dose (750 mg/day) of a gotu kola extract was associated with improved working-memory performance and higher self-rated alertness.^[12] A 2017 review that pooled the randomized trials found no significant effect on cognitive test scores overall, though it did find higher self-rated alertness.^[13]

Amount per serving in Brain & Memory™ Liquid Herbal Extract. — (part of a 646 mg five-herb blend) (first on the label; certified organic)

Good to know. Skin rash has been reported. Rare reports of liver problems have been linked to gotu kola products: stop and talk to your doctor if you notice unusual tiredness, dark urine, or yellowing of the skin or eyes. Laboratory studies suggest it may interact with some products processed by the liver; talk to your doctor before use if you take anything daily.

Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba), leaf, in a liquid herbal extract

The fan-shaped leaf of the ginkgo tree, a species so ancient it is called a living fossil, planted along city streets across the world. Here it is the certified-organic leaf extracted in cane alcohol and water as one of five herbs in a blend: a different thing from the standardized leaf extract (120 mg tablets and the like) used in the large trials, and from the homeopathic dilution found in some sprays.

Traditional and everyday use. Ginkgo leaf extract has been sold as a "memory herb" for decades.

What the research says. In the largest trial to date, 3,069 adults aged 72 to 96 took 120 mg of a standardized extract twice a day for a median of 6.1 years and declined at the same rate as the placebo group in memory, attention, language and every other domain measured.^[14] The National Institutes of Health states there is no conclusive evidence that ginkgo is helpful for any health condition.^[15] This product gives no ginkgo amount; the whole five-herb blend is 646 mg per 0.7 ml serving, and that figure is for the liquid extract, not for standardized leaf extract.

Amount per serving in Brain & Memory™ Liquid Herbal Extract. — (part of a 646 mg five-herb blend) (certified organic; the leaf in a liquid extract, not a standardized extract)

Good to know. Ginkgo may increase the risk of bleeding in people who take anything that thins the blood; fresh ginkgo seeds are toxic. Talk to your doctor before use if you are under a doctor's care or are due for surgery.

Skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora), flowering aerial parts (American skullcap)

A slender perennial of the mint family native to wet meadows and streambanks across North America, with small blue-violet flowers set along one side of the stem; also called blue skullcap or mad-dog skullcap. It is not the same plant as Chinese skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis), whose root is used differently. In this product the fresh (undried) flowering tops are extracted in alcohol and water.

Traditional and everyday use. Used for centuries by Native Americans, and later in Western herbalism, as a calming herb for nervousness and restlessness; today it is most often found in over-the-counter relaxation and sleep blends alongside other herbs.

What the research says. In a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study of 43 healthy adults, 350 mg of American skullcap three times a day for two weeks was associated with a lower total mood-disturbance score than baseline, without any reduction in self-rated energy or cognition; the anxiety score did not differ significantly from placebo.^[16] That is a study of mood, not of memory. No trial has tested skullcap for memory or attention.

Amount per serving in Brain & Memory™ Liquid Herbal Extract. — (part of a 646 mg five-herb blend) (certified organic; fresh (undried))

Good to know. Rare cases of liver injury have been reported with products containing skullcap, typically within 1 to 12 weeks of starting; in some of those cases the product turned out to be adulterated with germander or mislabeled. Stop and call your doctor if you notice unusual tiredness, dark urine, or yellowing of the skin or eyes. It has a reputation as a calming herb, so be careful combining it with anything that makes you drowsy. Talk to your doctor before use if you take anything daily.

Sage (Salvia officinalis), aerial parts

A small evergreen shrub of the mint family with gray-green, velvety leaves, native to the Mediterranean and grown in kitchen gardens across the world; one of the most familiar cooking herbs. The FDA lists sage among spices generally recognized as safe for their intended use in food.

Traditional and everyday use. In European herbal tradition sage leaf has been used for a sore mouth or throat, mild digestive complaints and excessive sweating; the European Medicines Agency's herbal monograph accepts those uses on the basis of long-standing use, not clinical proof, and does not list memory among them. In the kitchen it flavors stuffing, sausages, beans and brown butter.

What the research says. In a placebo-controlled five-way crossover trial of 20 healthy adults over 65 (average age 73), a single 333 mg dose of a standardized sage leaf extract was associated with better secondary-memory performance across the day and better accuracy of attention compared with placebo; other doses helped less.^[17] In 30 healthy young adults, single doses of 300 mg and 600 mg of dried sage leaf were associated with better self-rated mood, and the 600 mg dose with better performance on a multitasking battery.^[18] Both were single doses on a single day; nobody has tested sage taken for months, and nobody has tested it in a five-herb liquid blend or in a spray that delivers a fraction of a milligram of its compounds.

Amount per serving in Brain & Memory™ Liquid Herbal Extract. — (part of a 646 mg five-herb blend) (certified organic)

Good to know. Culinary amounts are widely used. Sage leaf contains thujone; the European Medicines Agency's monograph reports that sage oil equivalent to more than 15 g of leaf can cause a sensation of heat, rapid heartbeat, dizziness and seizures, and states that safety during pregnancy and breastfeeding has not been established. The product's own label says to seek medical advice before taking it during pregnancy. Talk to your doctor before use if you take anything daily.

Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus, formerly Rosmarinus officinalis), leaf

A small evergreen shrub of the mint family, native to the dry, rocky Mediterranean coast, whose needle-like leaves are one of the world's most familiar cooking herbs. The FDA lists rosemary among spices generally recognized as safe for their intended use in food.

Traditional and everyday use. In ancient Greece and Rome rosemary was associated with memory, and in folklore it has long been an emblem of remembrance. In the kitchen it flavors roasts, breads and oils.

What the research says. In a small crossover trial of 28 adults with an average age of 75, a single 750 mg dose of dried rosemary leaf, close to a culinary amount, was associated with faster speed of memory compared with placebo, while a much larger dose (6,000 mg) had the opposite effect.^[19] More was not better.

Amount per serving in Brain & Memory™ Liquid Herbal Extract. — (part of a 646 mg five-herb blend) (certified organic; fresh (undried))

Good to know. Culinary amounts are widely used. In the trial above, a very large single dose (6,000 mg) slowed memory measures, so more is not better. Talk to your doctor before use if you have a health condition or take anything daily.

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. This information does not constitute medical advice and it should not be relied upon as such. This product is not a substitute for medication or other treatment prescribed by a physician or health care provider. Consult your doctor before starting any dietary supplement.

9. What we can and cannot promise

Set against the headlines that brought you here, this is the complete and honest position.

Things we cannot promise, and that nobody selling you a supplement can:

• That this extract will improve your memory.
• That it will prevent, delay, slow or reverse dementia or Alzheimer's disease.
• That it offsets alcohol, sugar, processed food, or any drink or food named on this page.
• That it can replace a prescribed medicine, or make a medication review unnecessary.
• That any doctor in Japan, any Nobel laureate, any neurologist or any "brain expert" recommends it. None has.
• That a word or phrase quiz can tell you anything about your brain.
• That a squeeze of this blend delivers the 333 milligrams of sage extract, the 750 milligrams of gotu kola extract or any other dose used in the trials. The label prints one figure for five plants, and nobody has tested the blend.
• That the words "Brain & Memory" on the label, or the fashionable marketing word on the seller's listing, describe anything that has been shown. They are a product name and a sales word, and the same label carries the FDA disclaimer.

Things we can say honestly:

• It is a liquid extract of five certified-organic plants in alcohol, water and glycerin, made in Oregon by a company that publishes a street address, phone numbers, an email and office hours. Every ingredient printed on the label is listed above; the label gives one amount for the blend and none per plant.
• It contains alcohol: 56 to 66 percent before dilution, about 0.4 millilitres per squeeze. It is not for anyone who avoids alcohol.
• It contains no caffeine.
• The price, the shipping terms (UPS within the United States; free ground shipping only above the seller's threshold) and the return policy (a replacement or store credit within 30 days of purchase, with a return authorization number requested first; the policy does not mention refunds) are exactly what is written on the seller's pages. Nothing more, and no promise made elsewhere overrides them.
• The customer reviews we quote are real and public on the seller's site; we quote them word for word, we mark "Verified Buyer" only where the seller's review system does, and we left out reviews that made claims we cannot check. Individual experiences are not evidence.
• We earn a commission if you buy. That is our interest in this, stated plainly.
• Nothing here is medical advice, and none of it replaces your doctor.

10. Questions people ask us

Did a Japanese doctor, a Nobel laureate or a neurologist really say this?

No. Those attributions are advertising language. No named or identifiable expert made those statements, and none has endorsed this product.

So is coffee bad for my memory or not?

Ordinary coffee is not an established risk factor for cognitive decline, and reviews generally find neutral to modestly favourable associations. Our "Coffee Tops The List" headline overstated it. What is worth watching is added sugar in coffee drinks, and caffeine late enough in the day to spoil your sleep. That last point is the only reason our article suggests no coffee after two.

Should I stop my sleeping tablet or my anxiety medication?

Not on your own, and not because of an advertisement. Some of these drugs cause seizures or severe rebound symptoms if stopped abruptly. Take your full medication list to your doctor or pharmacist and ask whether anything on it is a poor fit for your age. See section 4.

Is this product a treatment for Alzheimer's or dementia?

No. It is not a treatment for any disease. If you or a family member is facing a diagnosis, the people to talk to are your doctor and a support organisation such as the Alzheimer's Association helpline listed above.

Why is it called "Brain & Memory" if you say it has not been shown to do anything for either?

Because that is the name the maker printed on the label. We did not choose it and we do not repeat it as a promise. The same label carries the statement that its claims have not been evaluated by the FDA and that the product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. We treat the name as a name.

Does it contain alcohol?

Yes. Certified organic cane alcohol at 56 to 66 percent before dilution; roughly 0.4 millilitres of alcohol in each 0.7-millilitre squeeze. It is meant to be taken in two ounces of water or juice. If you avoid alcohol for any reason, do not buy it.

How much of each plant is in a squeeze?

The label does not say. It gives one figure for the five-plant blend, 646 milligrams per squeeze, and an extraction rate of 91 milligrams of dried herb per squeeze. The plants are listed in order of amount, gotu kola first and rosemary last. None of the trials cited here used a blend, and none used a dose this small.

Why does this page talk about medicines if the product is not one?

Because one of our headlines pointed at "5 prescriptions", and you deserve to know what was behind it. Nothing in section 4 is advice to change a medicine, and the product is not an alternative to any of them.

If your own headlines are exaggerated, why should I believe this page?

A fair question. Do not take our word for it. The references below are real, published sources you can look up yourself, and nothing in sections 5, 6 and 7 requires you to buy anything or trust us. If this page and our headlines disagree, believe this page.

Does this page cost anything?

No. It is free, there is nothing to sign up for, and you are welcome to read it, close the tab and never come back.

Can I check these claims myself?

Yes, and you should. Every numbered reference below can be found by searching its title. For general information, the National Institute on Aging (nia.nih.gov) and the Alzheimer's Association (alz.org) publish plain-language material and sell nothing.

References

These are the sources behind the claims marked with a number above. Most are observational studies, which can show association but not cause; the sage, gotu kola, rosemary and skullcap trials were small, and most used a single dose or a concentrated extract rather than a liquid extract. We have deliberately not cited anything for the claims we describe as exaggerated, because there is nothing to cite.

1. Livingston G. et al. (2024). The Lancet 404(10452):572-628 doi.org
2. Topiwala A. et al. (2017). BMJ 357:j2353 doi.org
3. USDA Agricultural Research Service. FoodData Central, "Spices, sage, ground" (SR Legacy) fdc.nal.usda.gov
4. Gray S.L. et al. (2015). JAMA Internal Medicine 175(3):401-407 doi.org
5. Coupland C.A.C. et al. (2019). JAMA Internal Medicine 179(8):1084-1093 doi.org
6. American Geriatrics Society 2023 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel (2023). Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 71(7):2052-2081 doi.org
7. Pase M.P. et al. (2017). Alzheimer's & Dementia 13(9):955-964 doi.org
8. Pase M.P. et al. (2017). Stroke 48(5):1139-1146 doi.org
9. Sabia S. et al. (2021). Nature Communications 12:2289 doi.org
10. Gonçalves N.G. et al. (2023). JAMA Neurology 80(2):142-150 doi.org
11. Morris M.C. et al. (2015). Alzheimer's & Dementia 11(9):1015-1022 doi.org
12. Wattanathorn J. et al. (2008). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 116(2):325-332 doi.org
13. Puttarak P. et al. (2017). Scientific Reports 7:10646 doi.org
14. Snitz B.E. et al. (2009). JAMA 302(24):2663-2670 doi.org
15. NIH NCCIH. "Ginkgo" (updated February 2025) nccih.nih.gov
16. Brock C. et al. (2014). Phytotherapy Research 28(5):692-698 doi.org
17. Scholey A.B. et al. (2008). Psychopharmacology 198(1):127-139 doi.org
18. Kennedy D.O. et al. (2006). Neuropsychopharmacology 31(4):845-852 doi.org
19. Pengelly A. et al. (2012). Journal of Medicinal Food 15(1):10-17 doi.org

Citing a study does not mean the study is about this product. None of the research above tested Herb Pharm Brain & Memory, and none of it supports it.

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